How to cure diabetes?Of course, insulin.Everyone knows about it, even those who are far from medicine.After all, diabetes (hereinafter - diabetes) is when sugar increases.And insulin reduces this sugar.
Generally, right.If you do not take into account any petty, at first glance, but in fact important details.
Insulin
Yes, insulin really reduces the high level of sugar (more specifically - glucose) in blood plasma.
With type 1 diabetes, which develops mainly at an early age, absolute insulin deficiency is noted-this hormone is not secreted (or secreted in low quantities) with certain pancreatic structures, Langerganes are advertising.
There is no insulin - there is no glucose utilization and further metabolic processes are pathological.If you insert insulin in the context of replacement therapy, then the condition can be corrected to some extent.
Under the effect of this drug, glucose enters where it is supposed to be - in a cage, where it is split.Metabolism is normalized.
Everything would be just if it wasn't so difficult.The fact is that in some cases the introduction of insulin can lead to major problems from its absence.The reason is hypoglycaemia, a sharp decline in blood glucose.
An overdose of insulin affects very quickly and sometimes immediately.
The skin becomes pale, the blood pressure drops, a coma develops, from which the patient is very difficult to remove.
The cause of hypoglycaemia is not only overdose, but also inappropriate insulin administration.This medicine should only be administered after taking light food.Before inserting insulin, physical activity, pressures are not desirable.
That is why the dosage of insulin is carefully selected by the endocrinologist according to the level of glycomia (the contents of glucose in the blood plasma), which is determined by laboratory tools.
The daily dose depends on the level of glycimia, the course of diabetes, and is determined by the doctor individually for each patient.
A typical distribution of this dose is 30% before breakfast, 35% - before lunch, 25% - before dinner and 10% at night.
Although these elements may vary depending on the lifestyle, work.And to choose the right insulin with the first detected diabetes, a slightly detected diabetes mellitus can go away for several days.The milestone is the same - laboratory indicators.
Due to the high rice of hypoglycaemia, insulin is prohibited from introducing ambulance workers to the pre -nomination stage, who cannot control glycomia.
It is true that recently many portable devices, sweeteners, designed to measure blood sugar, have appeared.
But, first, the reliability of the glycelets sometimes leaves much desirable.
And secondly, as already mentioned, the delayed introduction of insulin is not as scary as its overdose.
It is worth noting that the insulin used to treat diabetes is not homogeneous.
It can be pork, cattle (taken from the pancreas of blocked animals) and human, synthesized by genetic engineering.
Insulin is not the same in terms of action.If it is necessary to reduce glycomia as quickly as possible, the short circuit insulin is inserted.The result quickly happens, in the first 15-20 minutes, but it does not last long.
Middle duration and extensive action insulin is designed to create the necessary glycemic background during the day.Insulin types and combination are also prescribed by an endocrinologist, depending on a specific clinical condition.
Saharahes
If insulin is produced only in the form of infusion solutions (destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract), then the overwhelming number of sugar reduction drugs is represented by tablets for internal intake.
It should be noted that the factors moving insulin and diabetes sugar are not interchangeable.
In particular, insulin is effective only with the type of diabetes more than 1 type of sugar.
And all sugar -used factors are used only for 2 types of insulin that depend on the disease.This type is based on relative insulin deficiency.This means that the total amount of insulin produced by the pancreas is normal or even increased.But it is still missing.
This is the case with obesity in old age, when the amount of adipose tissue increases and the compensatory abilities of the human body is low.
There are several types of sugar tablets.All of them in one way or another change the course of biochemical reactions and thus stimulate the production of insulin with beta cells.
At a particular moment, beta cells are exhausted, relative insulin deficiency becomes absolute and there is a need for further transition to insulin treatment.
Sometimes the base of diabetes mellitus may be increased production of thyroid, adrenal and pituitary hormone hormones.The effect of these hormones is exactly the opposite of such an insulin - they increase the blood glucose level.
After the high level of coding hormones, laboratory methods are confirmed, the specific infusion factors that regulate their level are prescribed.
Glucose
It turns out that glucose in diabetes is no less important than insulin.This is especially true for serious forms of the disease.
Early introduction of glucose intohypoglycaemic- This is a matter of life and death.After all, blood sugar levels should be increased as soon as possible.Therefore, a 40% concentrated glucose is administered intravenously with a syringe.
IfThe patient is conscious, give him a drink of hot tea with sugar.
But hyperglycaemia (high sugar) also requires glucose.
The bottom line is that glucose accumulates in the plasma in large quantities.But the cell does not receive this glucose.Pathological mechanisms of glycogenesis begin - the fats and protein glucose synthesis, which are disintegrated intensively.
To avoid this, glucose is intravenously inserted as part of SO -called the mixture.This mixture includes 5% glucose, insulin and one of potassium drugs.Insulin contributes to the penetration of glucose into a cage and at the same time pulls potassium with it.This is the most important intracellular element that controls almost all metabolic processes in the cell.
Another condition when glucose is vital is the increase in urine release in diabetes, so -called diabetic ureal.
Due to the high concentration of blood plasma and secondary kidney damage.Glucose is lost with urine.In this case, SO - called a false positive image - the level of glucose in the blood is reduced without insulin.
In fact, this is a potentially dangerous condition called endocrinologists with "scissors" due to the difference between laboratory indicators and objective data.The only way out to avoid these "scissors" lies in the early administration of glucose solutions.
Certification and alkalization
Urbanism is, first of all, the loss of fluid, which quickly leads to dehydration or dehydration.Along with this, excessive blood glucose is converted to ketone (acetone and other compounds) that have an acidic reaction.
This procedure is called ketgower.
It progresses extremely difficult and, in the absence of treatment, ends sad.Dehydration and ketoacidosis are mutually burdened by each other.
To eliminate dehydration, a fluid replenishment - replenishment of fluid deficiency is performed.Review for diabetes includes mass, up to 3 liters daily or more, intravenous injection of various solutions.
In addition to the above glucose, a common solution of isotonic sodium chloride (saline), as well as other solutions containing sodium, chlorine, magnesium, potassium ions, is administered.
Replenishing liquids fluidly normalizes the balance of acids and bases in the body and greatly eliminates the acidification in tissues - acidosis.Effective ways to combat acidosis are the injection of sterile alkaline solutions.These include sodium bicarbonate, or simply soda.If the patient's condition allows, preferably abundant alkaline consumption of alkaline consumption in the form of alkaline mineral waters.
Other medicines
Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease.This means that the pathology is not limited to the pancreas - in one way or another, almost all organs and tissues suffer.To a large extent, this is due to diabetic angiopathy - the damage to the blood vessels and capillaries.
At the same time, blood circulation in these vessels and capillaries is disturbed, leading to secondary damage to the internal organs - mainly, retina (retinopathy) and kidney (kidney disease).To eliminate angiopathy, intravenous administration of various drugs that improve the systemic blood circulation are performed.
Along with these medicines, medicines of a particular effect are prescribed that affect metabolic processes in nerve fibers.
Violation of blood circulation on the capillary grid is often complicated by food ulcers with dominant detection inside the lower leg.
The treatment of these ulcers requires the use of local antiseptics and antibiotics.Diabetic more frequently than others are ill with cardiovascular disease-atherosclerosis, hypertension, angina complicated by myocardial infarction.
In the treatment of these diseases used, cardio insulation is used, which positively affects myocardium, anti -regulatory and hypotensive (reducing blood pressure drugs).With diabetes, not only desirable, but also requires various complexes of vitamins based on the form of medicinal medicines and organically active food additives.
Diabetes diet
Proper diet in the treatment of diabetes is just as important as medicines.Non -compliance with diet reduces the effectiveness of these drugs to zero.This is especially true for the 1st type of diabetes, where the slightest diet errors are full of serious consequences.Basic requirements for the dietary diet of diabetics:
- Fractional intake of food in small portions 4-5 times.
- A balanced ratio of protein, fats and carbohydrates.
- The number of calories that are accepted with food must be equal to the number of the number is consumed.
- With obesity - reduction of overweight.
In this respect, easily digestible carbohydrates, greasy meat, sweets, strong tea, coffee, butter, grapes are contraindicated.Instead of white bread - black, instead of sugar - sugar for diabetics.
The preference for nutrition should be given to cereals (buckwheat, oatmeal, wheat), light vegetable soups, fresh vegetables.A diet for each patient develops individually by a dietician.
Conclusion
Of course, this article is by no means instructions on self -interception, which may be expensive with diabetes with diabetes.It should be noted that it is impossible to fully cure the diabetes mellitus from insulin.Unfortunately, but an event.But proper, regular treatment, protective regime, food and natural restrictions will help return to a full life and avoid unwanted complications.